<p>Argument Construction Situation:- In an experiment, most volunteers chose to do an easy task themselves and leave a hard task for someone else. They later said they had acted fairly, but almost all volunteers in another group to which the scenario was described said choosing the easy task would be unfair, indicating that most people apply weaker moral standards to themselves. Reasoning:- What must be true in order for the facts presented to support the conclusion that most people apply weaker moral standards to themselves than to others? One set of volunteers said they had acted fairly in taking the easy task, whereas different volunteers said that doing so would be unfair. In neither case did any of the volunteers actually judge their own behavior differently from how they judged anyone else&acirc;&euro;&trade;s. So the argument implicitly infers from the experimental results that most of the volunteers would judge their own behavior differently from someone else&acirc;&euro;&trade;s if given the chance. This inference assumes that the volunteers in the second group would have applied the same moral standards that those in the first group did if they had been in the first group&acirc;&euro;&trade;s position, and vice versa. A Correct. If none of the volunteers who said their own behavior was fair would have judged someone else&acirc;&euro;&trade;s similar behavior as unfair, then their relaxed moral judgment of themselves would not suggest that they applied weaker moral standards to themselves than to others. B Even if this is so, the experimental results could still suggest that the volunteers would apply weaker moral standards to themselves than to others. C The argument would be equally strong even if volunteers who were assigned the hard task did not know that someone else had gotten an easier task&acirc;&euro;&rdquo;or even if no volunteers were actually assigned the hard task at all. D Even if the moral standards applied by the volunteers who judged themselves were as accurate as those applied by the volunteers to whom the scenario was described, the former standards were still weaker. E Even if all the volunteers in the first group had felt that all the choices available to them would have been fair for them to make personally, they might have applied stricter moral standards to someone else in the same position. The correct answer is A.</p>
