<p>Argument Evaluation:- Situation Studies have found that restaurant customers give more generous tips when their bills are brought on trays bearing a credit-card logo. Psychologists speculate that this is because the logo reminds customers of their ability to spend more money than they have. Reasoning:- Which of the options most helps to support the psychologists&acirc;&euro;&trade; explanation of the studies? The psychologists&acirc;&euro;&trade; hypothesis is that the credit-card logos on the trays bring to the minds of those who tip more the fact that they have more purchasing power than merely the cash that they have at hand. This explanation would not be valid even if those people who are not reminded of their own excess purchasing power&acirc;&euro;&rdquo;if in fact they have any such power&acirc;&euro;&rdquo; when they see such a logo nonetheless tip more in such trays. Thus, if restaurant patrons who are under financial pressure from their credit-card obligations do not tip more when their bills are presented on trays bearing credit-card logos, then the psychologists&acirc;&euro;&trade; interpretation of the studies is supported. A This undermines the psychologists&acirc;&euro;&trade; interpretation, for it shows that the same phenomenon occurs even when the alleged cause has been removed. B Correct. This option identifies the result that would most strengthen the psychologists&acirc;&euro;&trade; interpretation. C This undermines the psychologists&acirc;&euro;&trade; interpretation by showing that the same phenomenon occurs even when the alleged cause has been removed; patrons cannot be reminded of something that is not there. D To the extent that this bears on the interpretation of the study, it weakens it. Patrons using credit cards are surely aware that they have credit, and yet they spend less generously. E This does not support the idea that being reminded that one has a credit card induces one to be more generous, only that it induces one to use that credit card. The correct answer is B.</p>
